In may 1945 the word war II was in its last stage in the
EUROPE, but the fear of attack of JAPAN on india was made till now. The P.M of
BRITAIN mr. CHURCHIL wanted to solve the deadlock of INDIA in anyhow. At that
time the viceroy of INDIA was LINLITHGOW replaced by LORD WAVELL. LORD
WAVELL was the INDIAN sympethasizer. IN
june 1945 all the leaders of congress working committee were released from the
jail.
Why the british government want to solve the deadlock in
INDIA?
The britishers was to solve the deadlock because In 1945 the
election was to took place in EUROPE and the labour party want to show that
they are very much serious about the INDIAN
issue. On the other hand the other countries like U.S.A, etc. were forcing the Britain to get the support of
indian people to defeat the JAPAN.
What was the Wavell plan?
In the Wavell plan the wavelll try to gain the support of indans by giving some of the rights to them. In the Wavell plan the Wavell says that until the new constitution of india will form the executive council of the viceroy will be reconstituted and equal representation to the muslims and the hindus will be given in the viceroy’s executive council. Except the viceroy and the commander in chief all the members in the viceroy’s council will be indian and except the defence and the tribal issue all the departments will be given to the india. The britishers don’t want to give the defence in the hand of the Indians because they want to gain the support of Indians to defeat the japan and the INDIANS were not so much trained about the war so they don’t want to be defeat by giving the defnce in the control of the Indians. Wavell says that the new executive council will work under the act of 1935, lord Wavell however assured that he will never use his veto power against the interest of the indian people even if the seceretery of state will interfere he will first see the interest of the indian people. By these he want to win the herat of the indian people and want to gain the support of the INDIAN PEOPLE. Since the viceroys was so much busy in seeing the indian people interests he was not focusing on the british commercial interests in india and that’s why he appointed the high commissioner in india. Lord Wavell also says that whenever the war will end the major steps towards the making of new indian constitution will be taken.
Shimla conference of JUNE 1945
The Shimla conference was the meeting between lord Wavell and
21 major political leaders of INDIA, the Shimla was the summer capital of
britishers in INDIA.
In order to appease the muslim league the Wavell was ready
to include 6 muslim in the council of the total seat of 14, the Wavell also
gives the muslims the veto power to propse the constituton which was not in
their favour. At that time the population of muslim’s was about 25% of the
total population of INDIA. So the Wavell also gives the 6 seats to the congress,
so that the muslim leagues and the congress both gains the same representation.
But since the %age population of muslim was only 25% the congress says that the
Wavell is giving the muslim league more seats in the council than that they
shoul be given. At that time president of congress was MAULANA AZAD. And the
president of muslim league was JINNAH. JINNAH opposed the Wavell plan by saying
tha the only the muslim league can represent the muslims in the executive
councils non other than the mulsim league will represent any muslim in the
executive council. It means that the congress will not have to appoint any
muslim in the executive council. The muslim league claims itself to be the sole
representator of the muslims in INDIA. The major point was that the Wavell want
to include mr. MALIK HIJRA HAYAT KHAN TIWANA to include in the executive
council who was the leader of the unionist party of Punjab. At the end the Wavell announced the failure
of the simla conference on 14th july, 1945.
Refrences:-
R.C. AGGARWAL